AbstractThe term “frozen shoulder” was first introduced by Codman in 1934. He described a painful shoulder condition of insidious onset that was associated with stiffness and difficulty sleeping on the affected side. Codman also identified the marked reduction in forward elevation and external rotation that are the hallmarks of the disease. Long before Codman, in 1872, the same condition had already been labelled “periarthritis” by Duplay. In 1945, Naviesar coined the term “adhesive capsulitis.”2 The pathophysiology of idiopathic adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) is poorly understood. Most authors have reported various degrees of inflammatory changes in the synovial membrane. Adhesions between the shoulder capsule and the humeral head have been noted by some, but not all, authors.4 The aetiology of periarthritis of the shoulder, however, is not clearly understood. Amongst the factors suggested are trauma myocardial infarction hemiplegia, pulmonary tuberculosis, thyrotoxicosis, cerebral tumor, and epilepsy.7The diagnosis of frozen shoulder is probably less frequent, but recognition of this abnormality has an important effect on therapeutic decisions and may prompt invasive therapy.19 Mindfulness is the common ground of several complementary therapies. Derived from Buddhist spiritual tradition, mindfulness has been secularized and integrated into behavioral treatment approaches.20
Keywords: Frozen shoulder; Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR).