Actinomycosis is a sub-acute-to-chronic bacterial
infection caused by filamentous, gram-positive,
non–acid-fast, anaerobic to microaerophilic bacteria
Actinomyces israeli. Clinically, it presents, in the
descending order, over cervicofacial, abdominal and
thoracic regions. Abdominal wall actinomycosis is
known to involve pelvic or intraperitoneal regions
but abdominal wall involvement primarily is rare.
Hereby, we report a case of primary abdominal wall
actinomycosis in a 43-year-old male who presented
with right-sided abdominal wall mass of 6 months
duration. CT abdomen done was suggestive of
heterogeneous enhancement of rectus abdominis
muscle. True cut biopsy revealed radiating
filamentous colony positive morphologically
suggesting actinomycosis. The main treatment is
antibiotics to which he responded well, and thus
it is essential to diagnose accurately and avoid
unnecessary surgery.

Keywords: Actinomycosis; Abdominal Wall