Dental fluorosis is a major problem identified all over the world. High levels or prolonged ingestion of fluoride from various sources, primarily drinking water, certain high fluoride containing foods and beverages etc. can lead to fluorosis of teeth and skeletal tissues if ingestion occurs till 8 yrs of age. Dental fluorosis is not only a major esthetic concern but also poses a danger of damage to the enamel causing its severe loss as well. It becomes the moral responsibility of the dental professional to identify the causes of dental fluorosis and provide aesthetic and restorative treatment. Apart from this the dental professional should also stress upon the recommendations to prevent any further loss in individuals affected and minimize exposure to fluorides in those not affected especially the ones in the susceptibility age range. This review aims at consolidating various details on the development, clinical presentation, risk factors and ultra-structural features of dental fluorosis. The mechanisms of its development, various indices used for its clinical evaluation and assessment as well as recommendations for use of fluorides in the community have also been enumerated.

Key words: dental fluorosis, fluoride, hypoplasia, enamel