A Brief Review Recent research has fielded conflicting data regarding the relationship between dental disease, and systemic effect such as diabetes, pneumonia, cardiovascular disease, preterm delivery of low birth-weight infants and preeclampsia. A causative relationship would have major ramifications for health care. There is a plausible theoretical basis for such a link, as increased levels of inflammatory mediators may increase the risk of atherosclerotic plaque formation. Postulated mechanisms include translocation of periodontal pathogens to the fetoplacental unit and action of a periodontal reservoir of lipopolysaccharides or inflammatory mediators. Hence, periodontal treatments and oral hygiene instructions are essential to prevent future complications among those with periodontitis.

Key words: Periodontitis, pre-eclampsia, cardiovascular disease, Diabetes, Pneumonia, low birth weight.