In Ayurvedic science, the clinical entities of Granthi (glandular cyst) group of diseases include cancer (Arbuda) and the progressive stages of cancer.  Theoretical based mechanisms of action of Ayurvedic therapy is supposed to treat and prevent these entities well fully by which patient’s quality of life improves. In the Bruhataryi (foremost texts) of Ayurveda; Charaka, Sushruta and Ashtanga Hridya samhita,  the absolute explanation of cancer related signs and symptoms are seen in scattered ways which are explained in a single chapter of contemporary sciences. New findings gained through scientific developments add up to Ayurvedic science that develops an integrated approach to manage cancer and its related symptoms. Review of literature on anticancer drugs of plant origin revealed identification of newer Ayurvedic drugs that are not mentioned in the ancient texts. Many of herbals and traditional compounds are being screened worldwide to validate their use as anti-cancerous drugs on various cancer cell lines and in vivo study. Clinical studies established that the use of Rasayana drugs of Ayurveda is helpful to reduce side effects of chemo and radio therapeutic agents while adjoining with these therapies.

Hence, an attempt is made in this review to discuss about the pathology and the principle of therapeutic management of various cancers described in Ayurveda.

Keywords: Arbuda; Ayurvedic principle; Cancer; Rasayana.