The gastro esophageal junction is the point at which the distal end of the esophagus meets the cardiac part of the stomach. The anatomy of the gastro esophageal junction is important as it lies in the proximity of the diaphragm and is present at the junction of the thorax and abdomen. Hiatal hernia is a clinical condition in which there is protrusion of the gastro esophageal junction into the thorax through the diaphragm. Obesity, coughing, straining during bowel movements, smoking are the risk factors, which may lead to hiatal hernia. The study and diagnosis of hiatal hernia is important as most of these hernias are asymptomatic and in severe conditions it can be life threatening.