Abstract
Instrumental delivery using obstetric forceps or a vacuum
device for fetal delivery. This assisted delivery is an indication
of the maternal or fetal status and any other event that
threatens the mother or fetus but may be relieved by second
stage intervention. Forceps and vacuum use is a common
practice of childbirth when the baby is depressed or prolonged.
the second stage of childbirth however they also carry a large
number of birth defects such as back injury