The study was conducted to find maternal and neonatal factors resulting in low birth weight of term neonate at selected hospitals of the city.  The study is based on Multi-factorial theory. After considering the factors related to the selected problem which were retrospective in nature, the researcher had selected the “case- control design” as suitable for this study. In this study Non probability Convenient Sampling Technique was adopted to select the sample. 100 mothers with term neonates,  50 in case group (mothers with low birth weight neonate) and 50 in control group (mothers with normal birth weight neonate) were selected as per inclusion criteria. In demographic variables education of the mother, residence of mother, monthly income of the family, maternal weight, and gender of the newborn were associated with low birth weight of term neonate. In maternal factors weight gain during pregnancy, and history of low birth weight in siblings was found to be associated with low birth weight of term neonate. In neonatal factors history of intra uterine growth retardation and history of multiple pregnancies was found to be associated with low birth weight of term neonate.