Background: Head and neck swellings are the commonest clinical findings affecting all the age groups. FNAC is of great value in early diagnosis and differentiation of wide plethora of infective, benign and malignant lesions, in head and neck region. Prior cytodiagnosis by FNAC helps in delineating the heterogenous lesions occurring in head and neck region which serves as an aid in the evaluation and planning of necessary management.
Objectives of the study: To study the cytomorphological features and classify various head & neck lesions. To evaluate the role of FNAC in head and neck lesions. To study diagnostic accuracy of FNAC by histopathological correlation wherever available.
Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted from January 2016 to December 2018. FNA was performed on 1568 cases of head and neck lesions and cytomorphological features were studied. These cytomorphological features were correlated with concomitted
histopathologic diagnosis, wherever available. Data analysis was done by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 22.0 and presented in terms of proportions or percentage. Chi-square test was used to see the association between the different variables. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered as significant.
Results: There were 1568 FNAC cases enrolled, out of which lymph node lesions (n = 703) were the most commonest lesions followed by thyroid gland, miscellaneous group and salivary gland. Reactive hyperplasia of lymph nodes, nodular goiter, epidermal cyst and pleomorphic adenoma were the predominant diagnoses of lymphnodes, thyroid gland, miscellaneous group and salivary gland respectively. Histopathological correlation was available in 348 cases and showed sensitivity of 80.76%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100% and negative predictive value of 98.4%. The diagnostic accuracy of FNAC was 98.55%. The association between FNAC diagnoses and histopathological diagnoses were considered to be statistically significant.
Conclusion: FNAC is a valuable preliminary diagnostic tool for assessing head and neck lesions and serves as a guide for diagnosis, therapeutic and better management of various cases.
Keywords: Fine needle aspiration cytology; Histopathology; Lymph node; Thyroid; Salivary
gland.