STR markers are widely distributed throughout the human genome and are the main reason for the success of DNA-based genotyping technique owing to their amplification potential with the degraded forensic samples. As per Mendel’s law of inheritance, every child/biological offspring inherits half of its alleles from the mother and the rest half from the father. Thus the paternity is examined by observing presence of alleles inherited from the parents in the child. In the forensic DNA typing and statistical approach leads towards absolute human identification. Also, there would be no allele in the DNA profile of the child which is not present in either of its parents. The degree of certainty of parentage establishment totally relies on the polymorphism of the tested loci and also on the number of loci included in the DNA test. Here we present a case study, where fatherhood was determined from DNA profile obtained from the skeletal remains and reference blood sample of probable son of missing person using 21 hyper variable STR markers. The combined paternity was observed as 1.3x108 for the 21 autosomal STR markers. The alleles of DNA profile obtained from skeletal remains are accounted in the DNA profile obtained from reference blood sample of probable son of missing person and statistically probability of paternity was calculated as 0.999999992056871. On the basis of these observations, the source of DNA profile obtained from skeletal remains was 99.9999992056871% father to the source of DNA profile obtained from blood sample probable son of missing person.

Key words: Fatherhood; DNA Profile; STR Markers; Skeletal Remains; Statistical approach.