Abstract Background: Multiple risk factors and perioperative characteristics can increase the likelihood of superficial surgical site infections. Research has shown that patient factors, surgical techniques, skin preparation, timing and method of wound closure are significant factors that can influence the incidence of subsequent infection. Keeping the facts in the mind, the present study was undertaken to determine the various risk factors to SSI. Material and methods: The present study is hospital based observational study conducted over period of two year. Patients admitted in surgical ward requiring Emergency non traumatic exploratory laparotomy were included in the study. After admission, short history and physical examination was conducted on each patient admitted in General surgery with acute abdomen. Patients requiring emergency laparotomy and fulfilling the inclusion criteria were offered to participate in the study. All the traumatic cases were excluded from the study. Result: Surgical Site Infections, though can be found at any age, high incidence was seen in the 4th, 5th, 6th decades of life. Most of the infections were noticed between 4th – 8th postoperative days. SSI was high in patients with co-morbidities. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the findings of the study that microorganisms that are normal inhabitants of our body are mainly responsible for surgical site infection (SSI). Proper care of the patients as a whole throughout the peri – operative period is very vital to reduce the rate of surgical site infection. Strict adherence to aseptic wound dressing techniques should be enforced during each procedure to reduce the SSIs.
Keywords: Risk factor; surgical site infection; Type of operation; Co-morbidity.
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