Surgical site infections (SSIs) are the leading type of infection among hospitalized patients.Careful handling of the surgical equipments reduces the chances of surgical site infections,& those who incorporate best practice standards can reduce the morbidity & mortality associated with SSIs.The purpose of the research was to find out the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics & how surgical site infections arise. Postoperative surgical site infections (SSIs) remain a major source of illness & morbidity in  surgical patients. These infections number approximately 500000 per year, among an estimated 27 million surgical procedures, & account for approximately one quarter of the estimated 2 million nosocomial infections each year. This study focuses on the prophylactic antibiotics given before surgery, and also compares it with conventional post operative antibiotic treatment. Study would also consider,if one can dispense the use of conventional post operative antibiotics, if the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics is significant.