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New Indian Journal of Surgery

Volume  2, Issue 3, July-Sep 2011, Pages 141-152
 

Original Article

High Tension Electric Injuries in Western Rajasthan: A Review of 238 Patients

Prakash Chandra Kala

Burn Unit, Dr. S.N. Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342001

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Abstract

This is a retrospective and prospective study of clinical profiles of electric burn cases in Western Rajasthan during Jan. 2004 to Dec. 2007 admitted in burn ward of Dr. S. N. Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan. Methods: Patients data were examined in detail with reference to their age ,sex , mode of injury, part of the body affected, surface area involve, hospital stay, management (surgical as well non surgical ), and ultimate outcome of the disease. After analyzing the cause of morbidity and mortality of these patients, discussing possible methods to reduce them were advised. This study comprised 238 cases of electric burn in the age group 21-30 years maximally affected with M:F ratio of 20.6:1. Of these 94.53%were Hindu and -5.47% were Muslim. Maximum hospital stay was of patients with Body Surface Area (BSA) 51-60%. Maximum no of deaths were 21-30% of BSA group. Body parts maximally affected were upper limb followed by lower limb, chest, abdomen, and lastly head and neck. In 238 patients total 182 surgeries were done among which 77 patients required amputation; debridment was second and skin grafting were the third commonly performed operations. Nine patients underwent subclavian artery ligation. Among amputations maximum were below elbow amputation. Fifty percent patients had revised amputation in upper limb converting below elbow to above elbow. In 10% patient above elbow amputation converted into shoulderdisarticulation. Maximum no. of the patients was from 0-10% BSA. Mortality was maximum in patients having more than 80% burns and disability was maximum in 0-10% group. Total, 57 patients suffered from disability in which 37 patients lost their upper limb. Most common cause of death was septicemia.  Study shows that electric injury causes significant morbidity and mortality in all groups studied and is mainly due to high tension electric current. Electric injuries mostly occur in rural areas. It causes significant damage to general population as well as electricians. Mortality and morbidity make victims and family members of victims dependent on others. It can be prevented by educating the people about proper handling of electric circuit and devices. Proper communication is a must among electricians. Proper rehabilitation of handicapped persons and employment to family members may reduce social burden.

Key word: High tension electric current; Body surface area; amputation; mortality; morbidity.


Corresponding Author : Prakash Chandra Kala